Cpp

See plus plus :) .

Refer

1. Introduction

• C++ was developed as an extension to C. It adds man few features to the C language, and tis perhaps best through of as a superset of C.

Step 1: Define the problem that you would like to solve

• I want to write a program that will …

Step 2: Determine how you are going to solve the problem Determine how we are going to solve the problem you came up with in step 1.

• They are straightforward (not overly complicated or confusing).

Step 3: Write the program

#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Here is some text.";
    return 0;
}

Step 4: Compiling your source code

• We use a C++ compiler: MinGW/GCC, Clang, … for many different OS.
• The C++ compiler sequentially goes through each source code file and does two important tasks:
  • checks your C++ code to make sure it follows the rules of the C++ language.
  • translates your C++ code into machine language instructions. These instructions are stored in an intermediate file called an object file.

Step 5: Linking object files and libraries

• After the compiler has successfully finished, another program called the linker kicks in: ar,ld, …
• Linking is to combine all the object files and produce the desired output file (.exe, .elf, .hex ..)

NOTE: Building refer to the full process of converting source code files into an executable that can be run. For complex project, build automation tools such as make, cmake are often used.

Steps 6 & 7: Testing and Debugging

2. Setup Environment, IDE (Integrated Development Environment):

• We need to installing IDE or st that comes with a compiler that supports at least C++17: GCC/G++7, Clang++ 8,…

• Some of the options typically does:

  • Build: compiles all modified code files in the project or workspace/solution, and then links the object files into an executable. If no code files have been modified since the last build, this option does nothing.
  • Clean: removes all cached objects and executables so the next time the project is built, all files will be recompiled and a new executable produced.
  • Rebuild: does a “clean”, followed by a “build”.
  • Compile: recompiles a single code file (regardless of whether it has been cached previously). This option does not invoke the linker or produce an executable.
  • Run/start: executes the executable from a prior build. Some IDEs (e.g. Visual Studio) will invoke a “build” before doing a “run” to ensure you are running the latest version of your code. Otherwise (e.g. Code::Blocks) will just execute the prior executable.

• Examples:

1. Create main.c

#include <iostream>
#include <limits>

int main(){
	std::cout << "Hello world";
	std::cin.get(); // get one more char from the user
	return 0;	
}

2. Run following commands

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19045.5371]
(c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\Users\phong.nguyen-van\Desktop\datasets\github\Cpp\example1>ls
main.cpp

C:\Users\phong.nguyen-van\Desktop\datasets\github\Cpp\example1>g++ --version
g++ (MinGW.org GCC-6.3.0-1) 6.3.0
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


C:\Users\phong.nguyen-van\Desktop\datasets\github\Cpp\example1>g++ main.cpp -o main.o

C:\Users\phong.nguyen-van\Desktop\datasets\github\Cpp\example1>g++ main.o -o main.exe

C:\Users\phong.nguyen-van\Desktop\datasets\github\Cpp\example1>main.exe
Hello world

3. Need to update …